Alternate Dispute Resolution ADR

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lang=en-US id="AlternateDisputeResolutionMechanismsADRs">Alternate Dispute Resolution Mechanisms ADRs</h2>

Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation, Negotiation, Lok Adalats
(,Parivarik Mahila Lok Adalats, Permanent Lok Adalats)

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 Arbitration</h3>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It is a procedure in which a
dispute is submitted, by agreement of the parties, to one or more
arbitrators who make a binding decision on the dispute and the binding
decision is enforceable in the courts </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>In choosing arbitration, the
parties opt for a private dispute resolution procedure instead of going to
court. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Arbitration is often the
first alternative amongst various ways to manage contract related disputes
and it holds the promise of flexibility, speed and cost-effectiveness.</li>
</ul>

 

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lang=en-US id="Conciliation">Conciliation</h3>

Conciliation
is a less formal form of arbitration. This process does not require an existence of any prior agreement. Any party
can request the other party to appoint a conciliator. One conciliator is
preferred but two or three are also allowed. In case of multiple conciliators,
all must act jointly. If a party rejects an offer to conciliate, there can be
no conciliation. 

 

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lang=en-US id="Mediation">Mediation</h3>

Mediation
aims to assist two (or more) disputants in reaching an agreement. The parties
themselves determine the conditions of any settlements reached— rather t
an
accepting something imposed by a third party. The disputes may involve (as
parties) states, organizations, communities, individuals or other
representatives with a vested interest in the outcome. 

 

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lang=en-US id="Negotiation">Negotiation</h3>

Negotiation
is a dialogue intended to resolve disputes, to produce an agreement upon
courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or to
craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. It is the primary method of
alternative dispute resolution.

 

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lang=en-US id="Arbitration">Arbitration</h2>

 

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lang=en-US id="Arb-Med-Arb">Arb-Med-Arb </h3>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Arb-Med-Arb Arbitration-Mediation-Arbitration
is a
process where </li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>A dispute is first referred
to arbitration before mediation is attempted. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>If mediation works, mediated
settlement may be recorded as a consent award. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>If mediation fails, they may
continue with the arbitration proceedings</li>
</ul>
</ul>

 

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lang=en-US id="ArbitrationandConciliationAct1996">Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996</h3>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>The Arbitration and
Conciliation Act 1996 is an Act that regulates domestic arbitration in India. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It was amended in 2015, to
make arbitration a preferred
mode of settlement of commercial disputes and making India a hub of international commercial arbitration</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It provides for arbitration
authority to cure defects in award by itself </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It provides for setting side
of Arbitral award and can apply for the court </li>
</ul>

 

 

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lang=en-US id="ArbitrationandConciliation(Amendment)Act,2019">Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2019</h3>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Amends the Arbitration
and Conciliation Act, 1996 to deal with domestic and international
arbitration</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Arbitration
Council of India (ACI)</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Independent body to be
setup by the act</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Promotion of
alternative dispute redressal mechanisms </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>maintaining a
depository of arbitral judgments made in India and abroad</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>framing policies for
grading arbitral institutions and accrediting arbitrators,</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>maintenance of uniform
professional standards for all alternate dispute redressal matters.</li>
</ul>
</ul>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Appointment
of arbitrators will now be done by the
Supreme Court designated arbitral institutions, which was earlier used
to be done by parties themselves</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It seeks to remove
time restriction for international commercial arbitrations (earlier tries to
dispose matters within 12 months)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Completion of written
submissions to be completed within six months of the appointment of the
arbitrators</li>
</ul>

 

 

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lang=en-US id="ArbitrationHubinIndia">Arbitration Hub in India</h3>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Arbitration
and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015 envisages various ways to encourage
foreign investment by projecting India as an investor friendly country
having a sound legal framework and ease of doing business in India.</li>
</ul>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>B.N Srikrishna
High-level committee</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Centre has constituted
a high-level committee, led by the former Supreme Court judge B.N.
Srikrishna,
to draw a road map to make India a global arbitration hub.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Report features</li>
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<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US>Part 1 -</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>measures to improve
the overall quality and performance of arbitral institutions in India
and to promote the standing of the country as preferred seat of
arbitration.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Arbitration Promotion
Council of India (APCI),</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Setting up of APCI
autonomous body</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>having
representatives from all the stakeholders for grading arbitral
institutions in India</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>recognize
professional institutes providing for acceleration of arbitration</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Creation of a
specialist arbitration bench to deal with commercial disputes in the
domain of the courts</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>National Litigation
Policy must promote arbitration in government contracts</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Part II</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>reviewed the working
of International Centre for Alternate Dispute Redressal(ICADR). </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Declaring the ICADR
as an Institution of national importance</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Part III</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>‘<sp
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt'>International
Law Advisor
(ILA)</li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>recommended for the
creation of post of ‘International Law Advisor’ (ILA) </spa
/li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>to advise the
Government and coordinate dispute resolution strategy for the
Government in disputes arising out of its international law
obligations, particularly disputes arising out of BITs</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ol>
</ul>
</ul>

 

 

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lang=en-US id="InternationalCentreForAlternativeDisputeResolution(ICADR)">International Centre For Alternative Dispute Resolution (ICADR)</h2>

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Setup in 1995 as a
society under Societies Registration Act 1860 by Department of Legal
Affairs, Ministry of Law and Justice. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Autonomous body </li
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>HQ: Delhi, Regional branches:
Hyderabad, Bangalore</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>The Minister for Law & Justice is the Chairman of ICADR</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Objective: For the promotion
and development of ADR facilities and techniques to facilitate early
resolution of disputes and to reduce the increasing burden of arrears in
Courts. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Criticism </li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It failed to account for the
latest developments in the field of arbitration such as provisions for
joinder of parties, consolidation of arbitral proceedings, emergency
arbitration, etc.</li>
</ul>
</ul>

 

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lang=en-US id="NewDelhiInternationalArbitrationCentre(NDIAC)Act2019">New Delhi International Arbitration Centre (NDIAC) Act 2019</h2>

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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Propose to constitute
New Delhi International Arbitration Centre </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It replaces International Centre
for Alternative Dispute Resolution (ICADR) </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Designates NDIAC as an Institution of
National Importance</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It will facilitate conducting of international and domestic
arbitration,
mediation and conciliation proceedings in a most professional, cost effective and
timely manner</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Chairperson: who has
been a judge of the Supreme Court or a High Court or an eminent
person
having special knowledge and experience in the administration of
arbitration</li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>NOTE: Chairman of ICADR
is Minister for Law & Justice </li>
</ul>
</ul>