Tricky Bits & Points

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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>It is mandatory to appoint senior most
judge of SC as CJI </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>Constitution
empowered Parliament for the creation of All India Judicial Service. But
no law has been enacted so far. Such creation of service is not
considered as amendment under Article 368</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>Redaction is the selection or
adaption by ‘obscuring or removing sensitive information’ from
document
prior to publication.</li>
<li style='color:#000000;background:#00CCFF;mso-highlight:#00CCFF;margin-top:
0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'><img
width=16 height=16
alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> United
Nations UN does not come under the definition of 'State' under Article 12. It is
not considered as a foreign state. Hence Indian states are not
required to take consent of Central Govt to initiate a legal suit against
UNO as it is not a foreign state and is only an International
Organization. However UN enjoys immunity of legal processes except where
it is exempted</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>No member from the
Anglo-Indian community has been nominated to the current Lok Sabha</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Ministers shall hold office
during the pleasure of President</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Reservations for SCs and STs
exists (Art 330, 332) in Lok Sabha and State assemblies but not
for Rajya Sabha and State legislative councils </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>If any foreign territory
becomes part of India, the power to specify that people of those foreign
territory shall be the citizens of India is vested with Union Government
but not with Parliament.</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Ex: Citizenship
(Pondicherry) Order 1962 issued by GOI under Citizenship Act, 1955</li>
</ul>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img width=16
height=16 alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> Prohibition Writ cannot be issued against Administrative authorities while
Certiorari can be issued against Administrative authorities </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parliamentary system is
based on the principle of cooperation and coordination b/w legislative
and executive organs while presidential system is based on the doctrine
of separation of powers b/w Executive and Legislature</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>To form a
political party is a fundamental right under Article 19(3)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Freedom of movement within
the country comes under Article 19(4) while freedom to go to abroad comes
under Article 21 (personal liberty)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Republic in the Preamble
means elected head. It also means vesting of political sovereignty in the hands of people rather than single individual and also absence of privileged class (all public offices open to
all)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>President can exclude posts,
services, matters from the purview of UPSC (such regulations shall be
laid before parliament which it can amend) </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>DPSP cannot act
as constraints/limitations on the government because they are not
enforceable and they are fundamental to the governance of a country while
FR act as limitations on the government powers</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>DPSP are fundamental to
the governance of the country. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Forcible conversions amounts
to violation of one's freedom of conscience</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Governor
removal by Centre can be challenged in the courts on the grounds of
arbitrariness or bad faith [BP Singhal Case 2010]</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Asymmetric federalism -
special provisions and status to some states like North Eastern states
(Art 371)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Attorney
General can be nominated as a member of any committees of the Parliament</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Constitution does not
mentioned the term of Rajyasabha members and delegated it to Parliament.
Representation of People Act 1951 defines the term of Rajyasabha member
as 6 years</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Constitution empowered Parliament (not President) to decide
the manner of choosing representatives of UTs in Loksabha</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>According to the Supreme
Court, even a private body or an agency working as an instrument of the State falls within the meaning of the 'State' under
Article 12. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Paying
taxes as suggested by Swaran Singh Committee and casting vote is not a
fundamental duty</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Right to strike does not
comes under Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>CAG only compiles accounts of states but not accounts of Center. For the
centre it is done by accounts department (Controller General of Accounts)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parliament determines the
qualification and selection procedure for the members of Finance
Commission whereas tenure of its members is decided by President. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>The constitution prohibits
levying tax for promotion or maintenance of any particular religion. But
it does not prohibit putting a fee on any religious services</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Chief minister of Delhi is
appointed by president but not Lieutenant Governor </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Delhi: Maximum strength of council of minister at 10% of total
strength of legislative assembly </li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Minimum no. of ministers in a
State shall not be less than 12 and maximum does not exceed 15 percent
of strength of state assembly</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>In case of central
executive, no minimum condition and the maximum does not exceed 15 percent of strength of LS</s
pan></li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Martial law has not been
defined anywhere
in the Constitution. It is implicit. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Fundamental
duties are applicable only to Citizens of India but not for aliens</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parliament by simple
majority conferment of more jurisdiction
on the supreme court </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parliament cannot curtail
but extend the powers and jurisdiction of SC</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Amendment in Power of
Parliament to amend the constitution- special majority + half of states</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Fundamental duties in
addition to DPSP can be used in determining the constitutionality of any
law but cannot be legally enforceable</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>If a law is enacted to
enforce a Fundamental Duty/DPSP, courts can see a reasonable relaxation to
Fundamental Rights w.r.t 14, 19 </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>A nominated member of the
house becomes disqualified if he/she joins party after the expiry of 6 months from the date on which
he/she takes his/her seat in the house. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>President, not Lok Sabha, who appoints a
member of parliament as acting speaker if the post of speaker/deputy
speaker is vacant until the next speaker/deputy
speaker is elected by the house. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Distinguished jurist can be
appointed as judge of SC but no provision to be appointed as Judge of HC</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Pensions of HC judge is
charged on Consolidated Fund of India and Salary and allowances
charged on CFS</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>CBI is also empowered to take cognizance of cases requested by
private persons on bribery cases</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Gram Sabha is a body
consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls of a village comprised
within the area of Panchayat at the village level. </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Ordinance is same as that of
an parliament act except that ordinance cannot be issued for
Constitutional Amendments</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>In this capacity,
ordinances can also be issued for amending tax laws</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Elections for the board
members of cooperative societies are administered by the body that is
delegated by State legislature.</li>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Careful: you think the authority is elect
ion
commission. It may be the case. It has to be decided by State
legislature</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>State Election Commission
responsible for panchayat and municipal elections but disputes as
decided by State legislature</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>CAG is an agent of
Parliament and responsible to it but that does not mean it is under
control of Parliament. It is an independent constitutional office.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Governor is an agent of Central Govt and that does not mean, he
is subordinate to GOI. He is an independent constitutional office.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, while
assuming their offices, do not make and subscribe any separate oath or affirmation</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>President,
VP, Governor, Ministers, me
mbers
of legislature, CJI, SC, HC judges, CAG, CIC,
CVC, Lokpal has to take oath</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Provident
fund deposits, judicial deposits, savings
bank deposits, departmental deposits, remittances goes to Public Account
of India</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>High court can also review
Central laws if it is repugnant to constitution.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Article 352 defines cabinet</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>NOTA option can be used in
RS polls.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>President can grant pardon
to a person only on the advice of union cabinet (Note: not council of ministers) - SC guideline</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Nominated members of
Parliament are exempted from filing assets/liabilities under
Representation of People Act 1951</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It is a Parliamentary convention that nominated members of
Parliament are not appointed as ministers</li>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img width=16
height=16 alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> Cabinet Committee on
Parliamentary Affairs is headed by Union Defence Minister (Earlier,
before June 2019, it was Union Home minister )</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Initially, President
notifies the ST/SC list (one time) and later on Parliament empowered to
add/delete any ST/SC in the list.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>According to the clause 3 of Article 370, “The President may, by publ
notification, declare th
t this
article shall cease to be operative, ‘provided that he receives th
“<sp
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;background:
yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>recommendation of the Constituent Assembly
of the State (Kashmir).”</l
</ul>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>There is no reference in the
Constitution of India for a separate flag for a State</li>
</ul>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Leader of House term defined
in Rules of Procedure of LS & RS</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Constitution declares Delhi
as seat of SC. However CJI with approval of
President is
empowered to change [Note: Not President/Parliament]</li>
</ul>
 
 
 
 
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="ConstitutionnotdefinedbutdelegatedtoParliament">Constitution not defined but delegated to Parliament</h3>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Mode of election of Loksabha
members in Union Territories- Union Territories (Direct Election to House
of People Act 1965]</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Term of Rajyasabha Members -
Representation of People Act 1951- again authorised President for order
of retirement - Rajyasabha(Term of Office) Order 1952</li>
</ul>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h3>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Notmentionedintheconstitution">Not mentioned in the constitution</h3>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Judicial Review</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>India is federal</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>National Emergency (but
emergency is mentioned)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Cabinet Committee (But parliamentary committee i
mentioned)</li>
</ul>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Office of Whip (is not mentioned in the
Constitution nor in the rules of the house, nor in the Parliamentary
statutes)</li>
</ul>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h3>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Notdefinedintheconstitution">Not defined in the constitution</h3>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Martial law</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>OBC</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Untouchability (mentioned
but not defined)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Minorities (mentioned but
not defined) - Defined in NCM Act 1992</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Office of the Profit
(mentioned but not defined)</li>
</ul>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h3>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Mentionedintheconstitution">Mentioned in the constitution</h3>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Emergency</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Financial Emergency</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Internal disturbances
(Article 355)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parliamentary committees </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Office of
Profit </li>
</ul>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h3>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Definedintheconstitution">Defined in the constitution</h3>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>SC, ST ( SC-341, 366(24),
ST-342, 366(25)) </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Anglo Indian (Article
366(2))</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Cabinet (Article 352)</li>
</ul>
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="ChargedExpenditureOffices">Charged Expenditure Offices</h3>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>President</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Presiding officers of
Legislature</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Salaries of SC Judges</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Pensions of SC & HC judges
[Salaries of HC judges on Consolidated fund of State]</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>CAG, UPSC, Lokpal </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Administrative expenses of
SC, CAG, UPSC</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Debt
servicing</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Statutory grants provided by Centre to States</li>
</ul>
 
NOTE: CEC, CIC, Election Commission expenditure is not
charged.
 
</ul>