River water disputes
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Constitutional
Provisions</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Article
262</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>(i)
Parliament <span style='font-weight:bold'>may by law</span> provide for
adjudication of any dispute or complaint with respect to use, distribution
and control of waters of any inter-state river and river valley</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>(ii)Parliament
may also provide that neither the Supreme Court nor any other court is to
exercise jurisdiction in respect of any such dispute or complaint</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Seventh
Schedule</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>56 of
Union List</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Regulation
and development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to the extent to
which such regulation and development<span style='font-weight:bold'> under
the control of the Union i</span><span style='font-weight:bold;background:
yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>s declared by Parliament by law</span> to be
expedient<span style='font-weight:bold'> in the public interest</span>.</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>17 of
State List</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Water,
that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and
embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of entry
56 of List I</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Parliament
Acts</p>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.6027in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>River
Boards Act 1956</p>
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vertical-align:top;width:8.1756in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>This act is made deriving
the authority from Entry 56 of Union list in the seventh schedule</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Provides for establishment
of river boards for regulation and development of inter-state river and
river valleys </span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>River board will be
established by GOI on the </span><span style='font-weight:bold;
font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>request of state governmen</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>t concerned to advise them</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>So far, no river board has
been established</span></li>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Inter State Water Disputes Act
1956</span></p>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Enacted by deriving powers
from constitutional provisions Art 262</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Empowers </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>GOI</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'> to setup an </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt;
background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>ad-hoc tribuna</span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>l for
adjudication of a dispute b/w two or more states in relation to waters
of inter-state river or river valley.</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Decision of tribunal would
be final and binding on the parties of the dispute</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Neither
Supreme court nor any other court is to have jurisdiction in respect of
any water dispute which may be referred to such tribunal under this
act.</span></li>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Note:</p>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>SC do not have original
jurisdiction in case of inter-state river water disputes</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>When any state Govt
approaches GOI, GOI will try to settle the dispute by negotiation.</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>If the negotiations
unsuccessful, GOI may appoint a tribunal.</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>When a tribunal adjudicates,
the GOI may appoint/frame a scheme/authority to implement the tribunal
judgement or may delegate to the river board.</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Unsatisfied parties may
appeal to SC</span></li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>The constitution vested the
power to Parliament and the parliament enacted the acts which inhibits
the supreme courts to interfere in Inter-state river water disputes.
However the unsatisfied parties can approach </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'>Supreme
Court on Leave petition under Article 136</span><span style='font-family:
Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'> and the</span><span style='font-weight:bold;
font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'> supremacy of SC is maintained
under Article 141 over all the courts and tribunals of India</span></li>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Inter-StateRiverWaterDisputesAd-hoctribunalssetupsofar">Inter-State River Water Disputes Ad-hoc tribunals setup so far</h3>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>1.</p>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Godavari
Water Disputes Tribunal</p>
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background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:4.9923in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<ul style='margin-left:.1923in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;margin-top:
0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<p style='color:#000000;margin:0in;text-indent:-.1666in;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US><img
width=16 height=16 alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> Maharashtra, AP, Telangana, Karnataka, <span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Madhya
Pradesh</span><span style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'> &
Odisha</span></p>
</ul>
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<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#3B3B3B'
lang=en-US>1969</p>
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background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>2.</p>
</td>
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background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Krishna
Water Disputes Tribunal<span style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>
-I</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka,</p>
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<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#3B3B3B'
lang=en-US>1969</p>
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background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>3.</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Narmada
Water Disputes Tribunal</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and <span style='font-weight:bold'>Maharashtra</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#3B3B3B'
lang=en-US>1969</p>
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<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>4.</p>
</td>
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background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Ravi
& Beas Water Tribunal</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Punjab,
Haryana and Rajasthan</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#3B3B3B'
lang=en-US>1986</p>
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<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>5.</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Cauvery
Water Disputes Tribunal</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Kerala,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#3B3B3B'
lang=en-US>1990</p>
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</tr>
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<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>6.</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Krishna
Water Disputes Tribunal<span style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>
-II</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka,</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>2004</p>
</td>
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background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>7.</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Vamsadhara
Water Disputes Tribunal</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Andhra
Pradesh & Odisha</p>
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background-color:#FCFCFC;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>2010</p>
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background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>8.</p>
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<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:3.3944in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal (Mandovi)</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Goa,
Karnataka and Maharashtra</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>2010</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.6673in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>9</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:3.375in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Mahanadi Water Dispute Tribunal</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:4.9472in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Odisha
and Chattisgarh </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
background-color:white;vertical-align:top;width:.5in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>2017</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>