Part 2 - Citizenship

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Citizenship
is being considered as the right of rights 
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAct1955">Citizenship Act 1955</h2>
(as on date)
 
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border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:
1pt;margin-left:.3333in' title="" summary="">
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
1
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Short
Title
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
2
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Definitions/Intrepretation
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1131in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
2(I)(b)
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Who
are illegal migrants
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6444in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
3
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Citizenship
by birth (Jus soli)
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Born
in India
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
4
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Citizenship by descent (jus
sanguinis)
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Born
outside India but any parent is India
</td>
</tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
5
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Citizenship
by registration
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.777in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Persons
of Indian origin/ married to I
ndian
citizen (1 +6/8)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
6
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Citizenship
by naturalization
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6604in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Other
country citizens residing in India
(1+ 11/14)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
6A
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9722in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Special
provisions as to citizenship covered by Assam Accord
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6256in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
7
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Citizenship
by incorporation of territory
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
7A
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Registration
of overseas citizens of India
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
8
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Renunciation
of citizenship
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
9
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Termination
of Citizenship
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
10
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Deprivation
of citizenship
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1125in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Section
14A
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Maintain
National Register of Indian Citizens 
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6451in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:1.1312in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Third
schedule
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.9527in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
Qualifications
of naturalization 
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.6256in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
 
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h2>
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct1985">Citizenship Amendment Act 1985</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Inserted Section 6A- Special provisions as to citizen
ship
covered by Assam Accord</li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle;font-size:
11.0pt'>
<div style='direction:ltr'>
<table border=1 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 valign=top style='direction:
ltr;border-collapse:collapse;border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;
border-width:1pt' title="" summary="">
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:1.5277in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<1
Jan 1966
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:8.5194in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
All
persons of Indian origin who came to Assam from specified
territory (Bangladesh) and ordinarily resident shall be deemed to be
citizens of India 
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:1.5277in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
1
Jan 1966 - 25 Mar 1971
</td>
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vertical-align:top;width:8.5194in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
All
persons of Indian origin who came to Assam from Bangladesh and who has
been detected as foreigner shall register himself. Such registered
persons shall be deemed to be citizens of India 
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</ul>
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct1986">Citizenship Amendment Act 1986</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 3 - Citizenship by
birth </li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Added Condition of 1 July
1987 (Commencement of 1986 amendment)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct1992">Citizenship Amendment Act 1992</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 4- citizenship by
descent</li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Added condition of 10 Dec
1992 (Commencement of 1992 amendment)</li>
</ul>
</ul>
 
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct2003">Citizenship Amendment Act 2003</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 3 - Citizenship by
birth </li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Added Condition of 3rd Dec
2004 (Commencement of 2003 amendment)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>(Refer hardcopy notes)</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 4- citizenship by
descent</li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Added condition of 3rd Dec
2004</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>‘illegal migrants’&nbs
those who arrived without valid travel documents includes refugees</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>‘illegal migrants’ will not be eligible to apply for citizenship by either
registration or naturalization</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Introduced Section 14A </li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Compulsory to register and
issue ID card for citizens </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>May maintain NRIC</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Establish National
Registration Authority </li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registrar General of India
will act as National Registration Authority and Registrar General of
Indian Citizens </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h4>
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h4>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct2005">Citizenship Amendment Act 2005</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registration of Overseas
citizens of India</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Modified</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 7A - Registration
of overseas citizens of India</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Modified the residence
requirement in India for acquiring citizenship through registration for
overseas citizen of India from 2 years to 1 year</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Deletion of Fourth schedule </li>
</ul>
 
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct2015">Citizenship Amendment Act 2015</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registration of Overseas
Citizen of India Cardholder</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Modified</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 7A- Registration of overseas
citizens of India Cardholder </sp
an></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 7B- Conferment of rights on
Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 7C - Renunciation
of Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 7D - Cancellation
of Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h4>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="CitizenshipAmendmentAct2019">Citizenship Amendment Act 2019</h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Naturalized citizenship for Hindu, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi
from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan (before 2014)</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US> 5 years aggregate and 12 month
continuous before application - total 6 years</li>
</ul>
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h4>
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Provisionsofbill">Provisions of bill</h4>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Any person belonging to
Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi or Christian community from
Afghanistan, Bangladesh or Pakistan, who entered into India on or before
the 31st day of December, 2014 and who has been
exempted by the Central Government by or under Passport (Entry into
India) Act, 1920 or from the Foreigners Act, 1946 shall
not be treated as illegal migrant
- Modified Section 2(I)(b) of
Citizenship Act 1955 which defines who are illegal migrants</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>As already in place
with Citizenship Act 1955 (Section 6), any person, not
being an illegal migrant, can be granted citizenship under naturalization if he
possess some qualifications as mentioned in the third schedule of the
Citizenship act 1955</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Hence, these
communities which are not illegal migrants with this amendment
to apply for citizenship through naturalization and
can become naturalised citizens </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Aggregate period of
service required for acquiring Citizenship through Naturalization after
this amendment for these communities will be 'not
less than five years' instead of </s
pan>11
years in general - Modified
Third Schedule of Citizenship Act 1955 that contains qualifications for
naturalization </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Implies
that 5 years aggregate and 12 months continuous before application -
total 6 years</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Exemptions</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>6th
schedule Tribal areas (in Assam,
Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura) and the Inner Line
Permit areas
under Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873
(Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Mizoram, Manipur)
are exempted </li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Also, widens the ground for
the cancellation of an OCI registration by the
Central Government, i.e. if a person violates any law in force in the
country.</li>
</ul>
 
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Bill Statement of
Objects</li>
</ul>
Persecuted term not present in the CAA 2019 but it is
present in statement of object
 
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="References">References</h4>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 2(I)(b) defines who
are illegal migrants </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 3- Citizenship by
birth, 4 - by descent, 5- by registration, 6- by naturalization </li>
</ul>
<h3 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h3>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>This does not include persecuted sects of majority- for example Ahmadiyas in Pak are persecuted,
Rohingyas in Myanmar, Tamils in Sri Lanka </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>IMDT Illegal Migrant
Determination by Tribunal Act 1983 - Declared unconstitutional by Supreme
court in 2005</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Foreigners in Assam dealt
with IMDT. Out of Assam, it is dealt with foreigners act 1946</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>India is not member to UN
Refugee Convention of 1951 and UN Convention on Statelessness 1954, 1961</li>
</ul>
 
 
<h4 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US id="Illegalmigrant">Illegal migrant</h4>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 2(1)(b) of
Citizenship Act, 1955 defines illegal migrant as a foreigner who: </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Enters the country
without valid travel documents, like a passport and visa or</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Enters with valid
documents, but stays beyond the permitted time period.</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>‘illegal migrants
will not be
eligible to apply for citizenship by either registration or
naturalization</li>
</ul>
 
 
 
 
<h2 style='color:#000000;margin:0in;text-indent:-.1666in;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5' lang=en-US id="NRIC/NRCNationalRegisterofIndianCitizens"<img
width=16 height=16 alt="Imp Mains"> NRIC
/ NRC National Register of Indian Citizens</h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It is register of Indian Citizens</li>
</ul>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>NRC contains the names
of bona fide Indian Citizens that distinguish them from the foreigners.
It is updated periodically</li>
</ul>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Section 14A of Citizenship
Act 1955  empowers the government to compulsorily register every citizen of India
and issue an identity card and may maintain a ‘Nation
Register of Indian Citizens</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Accordingly,
The Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of
National Identity Card) Rules, 2003 </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Mandate: Central Govt must
make the registration of all citizens of India, issue of national id
cards, maintenance of national population register, establishment of NRC</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Hence, according to these
rules, </li>
<ul type=square style='margin-left:.75in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registrar
General of Citizen Registration is to collect particulars of individuals and
families including their citizenship status through a house to house
enumeration </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Taluk level officers will prepare a National Register of Indian Citizens after filtering Indian citizens from the NPR</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Assam has a different
methodology where in individuals applied </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Act says NRIC maintenance is
not mandatory however it is mandatory to register every citizen and issue
identity card. But The Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of
National Identity Card) Rules, 2003 says that
the Registrar General of India, who is also the
Registrar General of Citizenship Registration, SHALL establish and maintain the national citizenship register</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img width=16
height=16 alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> Simply, according to the
act, it is not mandatory to maintain NRIC. But according to the rules,
it is mandatory </li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Policy decisions, guidelines and funds for NRC updation are provided by the Central Government of India,
but its implementation is done through the State Government
machinery under the Registrar General of India who functions as the
Registrar General of Citizen Registration </li>
</ul>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>NRIC uses the database of
NPR </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>However,
updation of NRIC based on NPR is not mandatory </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Previously,
Govt did not update NRIC though NPR is updated </li>
</ul>
</ul>
 
 
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="NPRNationalPopulationRegister">NPR National Population Register</h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It is a register of
Population. It is a register enumerating all residents in the country, </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It is a list of “u
ual
residents of the country”</l
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>A “usual resident
f the
country” is one who has been residing in a local area for at leas
the
last six months or intends to stay in a particular location for the next
six months</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>The Citizenship (Registration of Citizens and Issue of
National Identity Card) Rules, 2003  introduced the term ‘Population Register’<
li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Objective</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img width=16
height=16 alt="Imp Prelims" src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_fab708a3e3f249ad85c73c8524bc0ea1~mv2.png"> The particulars
collected in the population registrar shall be verified and scrutinized for the purpose of
preparation and inclusion in
the citizenship register.  In other words, NRIC
is based on the data of NPR</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>For
efficient delivery of welfare and social
benefits under government schemes</li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Household wise NPR data was used in better targeting of schemes such as Ayushman Bharat, Jan Dhan
Yojana, Prime Minister Awas
Yojana, Ujjwala Yojana, Saubhagya etc,</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
 
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Data collection</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img width=16
height=16 alt="Imp Prelims" src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_fab708a3e3f249ad85c73c8524bc0ea1~mv2.png"> The data under NPR was
collected through door to door enumeration</spa
n> under various categories like age,
marital status, place of birth, nationality (as declared), present and permanent residential address, occupation, activity and educational qualification.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>NPR will have both biometric data and demographic data</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registrar General of India
is responsible for enrolling </li>
</ul>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img width=16
height=16 alt="Imp Prelims" src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_fab708a3e3f249ad85c73c8524bc0ea1~mv2.png"> NPR is mandatory</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>It is compulsory for all
Indian residents to register with the NPR</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>NOTE: Aadhar is voluntary </li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>History</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Data for the National
Population Register (NPR)
was first collected in 2010</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>The NPR was updated in
2015 by seeding it with biometric details of Aadhaar</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>NPR is about residence but
NRIC is about citizenship</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It implies that NPR may have
foreigners as well</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Census vs NPR</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Census is not an individual
identity exercise and it is a macro exercise while NPR collects identity
details of every individual</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'>Census data is protected by
a confidentiality clause. The government has committed that it will not reveal
information received from an individual except for the headcount. </li>
</ul>
</ul>
 
 
 
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="ForeignersAct1946">Foreigners Act 1946</h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Confers powers to deal
with all foreigners </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Govt empowered to take
steps to prevent illegal migrants even by using force</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Doctrine
of Burden of proof</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Burden of proof rests on
the individual charged with being a foreigner but
not on the authorities </li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>This concept is also upheld
by a Constitutional bench of SC</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Empowered Govt to establish
Tribunals that have powers of Civil Court</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Foreigners (Tribunals)
Order, 1964 under Foreigners Act 1946</li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It has empowered district magistrates in all States and
Union Territories to set up tribunals to decide whether a
person staying illegally in India is a foreigner or not.</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Empowers individuals
to approach the Tribunals </li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="Passport(EntryintoIndia)Act,1920">Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920</h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Empowered the government to
make rules requiring persons entering India to
be in possession of passports</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Govt
empowered to deport any person who entered without a passport </li>
</ul>
 
 
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="PersondeemedtobeofIndianOrigin">Person deemed to be of Indian Origin </h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>If he or his parents or
his grand parents are born in undivided India (3 generations)</li
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>In PIO Card/OCI card, 4
generations included</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Persons of Indian
Origin PIO 2002 - Not a ci
tizen
of India</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Overseas Citizen of
India OCI 2005 - Not a cit
izen of
India</li>
</ul>
</ul>
 
 
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="OverseasCitizenofIndiaCardholder2015">Overseas Citizen of India Cardholder 2015</h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Citizenship (Amendment)
Act 2015 replaced the Overseas Citizen of India with Overseas
Citizenship of India Cardholder and PIO was rescinded w.e.f 9-1-2015 and all
existing PIO holders will be deemed to be OCI cardholders</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registration of OCI
Cardholder</li>
<ol type=1 style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US>Same as that of OCI</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>GOI may specify the
date from which the existing persons of Indian Origin card holders shall
be deemed to be overseas citizens of India cardholders</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Notwithstanding
anything contained in point 1, GOI in special circumstances register a
person as OCI Cardholder</li>
</ol>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Conferment of rights</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Shall be entitled to
such rights as GOI may specify in this behalf</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Renunciation </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>If OCI cardholder make
a declaration renouncing the card and upon registration of declaration,
person shall cease to be an OCI cardholder</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Where a person ceases
to be OCI cardholder, spouse of foreign origin of that person who is
also OCI cardholder and minor child of that person who are OCI
cardholders shall thereupo
ceases to be an OCI cardholder</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Cancellation </li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>GOI may cancel the
registration of a person as an OCI cardholder if it is satisfied that</li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Registration obtained
by means of fraud or</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Shown disaffection to
constitution of India or</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>During war,
unlawfully traded or communicated with enemy or</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Within 5 years of
registration as OCI cardholder, been sentenced to imprisonment for a
term not less than 2 years or</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>It is necessary to do
in the interests of sovereignty or integrity, security of India,
friendly relations with any other country or in the interests of
general public</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Marriage
has been dissolved by a competent court of law or otherwise or has not
been dissolved but, during the subsistence of such marriage, he has
solemnized marriage with any other person</li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>As per Citizenship Act,
a person registered as OCI
cardholder is eligible for grant of Indian Citizenship if he is holding
OCI cardholder for 5 years and is ordinarily resident in India for 12 months
before making an application [PIO - 7 years]</li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Benefits</li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Can visit India
without Visa for life time for any purpose</li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>However, require
special permission to undertake research work from Indian
Mission/Post/FRRO Foreigners Regional Registration Officer concerned.</li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parity with NRIs in
respect of all facilities available to them in economic, financial,
educational fields except in matters of acquisition of
agricultural or plantation properties</li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US>Parity in entry fees
charged for visiting national monuments, historical sites, museums in
India</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
 
</ul>