Legislative relations
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<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="dummy"> </h2>
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<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>More power to Centre</span></li>
</ul>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.375in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'
lang=en-US> </p>
<ol type=1 style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle;
color:#5B9BD5' lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:
12.0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:12.0pt'>Territorial extent of Centre and State legislation</span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:
normal;font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Parliament
empowered to make extra territorial laws</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Exceptional cases where
Parliament laws is not applicable to some territories</span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:
12.0pt'>In case of 4 UTs, A&N, Lak, D&D, D&NH , Parliament
laws may not be made applicable/amended if President so decides</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>In case of Scheduled
areas, Governor may make Parliament laws not applicable/amended</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>In case of Tribal areas, </span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-family:"Nirmala UI";
font-size:12.0pt'>For Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoran, </span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:normal;
font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Governor may
make Parliament laws not applicable/amended</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>For Assam, President may
make Parliament laws not applicable/amended</span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
</ol>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Distribution
of legislative subjects</span></li>
</ol>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.75in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:
11.0pt' lang=en-US>Seventh schedule</p>
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font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=3 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle;
color:#5B9BD5' lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:
12.0pt;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:12.0pt'>Parliament making legislation in state field</span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:
normal;font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>When
Rajyasabha passes a resolution (in the national interest)(in force for
one year and later renewal. If not renewed, expires after 6 months)</span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>States can still make laws
on same matter. But if inconsistent, parliamentary law prevails </span></li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>When two or more states
requested to do (Enacted act applicable only to that states. Thereafter,
States cannot make laws on that subject)</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>To </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>implement</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'> international agreements,
Parliament can legislate on </span><span style='font-weight:bold;
font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>state subject</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>During National
Emergency<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>(Enacted act </s
pan><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>will
expire</span><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'> after 6
months of revocation of National Emergency)</span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>States can still make laws
on same matter. But if consistent, parliamentary law prevails </span></li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>During President rule in a
state (Enacted act </span><span style='font-weight:bold;font-family:
Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>will not expir</span><span style='font-family:
Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>e even after President rule is revoked. Of
course state can modify it)</span></li>
<li style='color:#000000;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><img
width=16 height=16 alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> <span style='font-family:Calibri;
font-size:12.0pt;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>For some
subjects of State list that are specified in Article 35, Parliament has
power to make laws</span><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:
12.0pt'> Ex: Restriction of FR to police forces </span></li>
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margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal'>
<li value=1 style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt;
font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-family:Calibri;font-size:
12.0pt'>For some subjects, Parliament has exclusive power and for other
in Article 35, it has concurrent power</span></li>
</ol>
</ol>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Control
over State legislature </span></li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:11.0pt'>Control over state
legislature by making bills reserved for President</span></li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle;color:#5B9BD5'
lang=en-US><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Bills on
certain matters require previous sanction of president for its
introduction in state legislature</span></li>
</ol>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.75in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt'
lang=en-US><span style='font-weight:bold'>Ex: Restrictions on freedom of trade
and commerce</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<h2 style='color:#000000;margin:0in;text-indent:-.1666in;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5' lang=en-US id="Subjects"<img
width=16
height=16 alt=Byheart src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_bce95a45add849f9b50120d225499a56~mv2.png"> Subjects</h2>
<div style='direction:ltr'>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-style:italic'>Centre List</span></p>
</td>
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background-color:yellow;vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-style:italic'>State List</span></p>
</td>
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background-color:yellow;vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-style:italic'>Concurrent List</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Local
Govts</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Cooperative Societies</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:#DBE5F1'>Electricity</span>,<span
style='font-weight:bold'> Wind Energy</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Inter-State rivers by law</span><span
style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:super;
background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>1</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Regulation
and development of water</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Water</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Sanitation
</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Labour</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Railways</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Public Order</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Police,
Prison </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Personal
Law. Criminal Law, Civil Law</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Transport</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Major
Ports</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Non Major Ports</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Marine
Shipping</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1437in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.575in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<ul style='margin-left:.1923in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;margin-top:
0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<p style='color:#000000;margin:0in;text-indent:-.1666in;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><img
width=16 height=16 alt=Important src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_fab708a3e3f249ad85c73c8524bc0ea1~mv2.png"> <span style='background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>Inland Shipping</span></p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Film
Certification</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1437in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Agriculture, Agricultural </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Marketing,</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Agricultural </span><span style='font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:underline'>indebtedness</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline'>Agricultural income</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.6027in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<ul style='margin-left:.359in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;margin-top:
0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>Contract Farming</span></p>
<p style='color:#000000;color:#000000;margin:0in;text-indent:-.3333in;
font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><img
width=16 height=16 alt="Imp Prelims" src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_fab708a3e3f249ad85c73c8524bc0ea1~mv2.png"><img
width=16 height=16 alt="Prelims CA" src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_fab708a3e3f249ad85c73c8524bc0ea1~mv2.png"> <span style='font-weight:bold;
text-decoration:underline;background:fuchsia;mso-highlight:fuchsia'>Trade
and commerce of agricultural produce, including “foodstuffs”,
ttle
fodder” and “raw cotton</span>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Fisheries beyond territorial
waters</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Fisheries,
forest non-tax revenue</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Forests,
Protection of wild life and birds</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Insurance
</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>Health</span><span style='font-weight:bold'> &
Hospitals, </span><span style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline'>Sanitation</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='text-decoration:underline;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Education</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>SC
& HC</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Administration of Justice</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline'>Constitution of all
courts except SC and HC</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Lotteries even by states</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US>Gambling</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:fuchsia;mso-highlight:fuchsia'>Chit funds</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Land</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Contracts and Transfer of Property</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Currency,
Coinage, legal tender</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Foreign
exchange </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1437in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.575in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<ul style='margin-left:.1923in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;margin-top:
0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<p style='color:#000000;margin:0in;text-indent:-.1666in;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><img
width=16 height=16 alt=Tricky src="https://static.wixstatic.com/media/760013_06c2a583c0c34b17b47620d978f66ccf~mv2.png"> <span style='font-weight:bold;
background:#DBE5F1'>Insolvency and Bankruptcy</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Trust and
Trustees</span></p>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Census</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Economic and Social Planning, Population control</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Patents
</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Verdana;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Preventive
detention w.r.t defence, foreign affairs, security </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Preventive
Detention</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Agricultural income, Capitation Tax, </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Tolls</span></p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8479in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Posts,
Telegraphs, telephones, wireless, broadcasting, and other like forms of
communication</p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5298in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Language</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Establishment
of standards of weights and measures </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Weights
and Measures</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Opium </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>Trade
Unions </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Religious and Charitable
institutions </span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:3.8284in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:2.1694in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</td>
<td style='border-style:solid;border-color:#A3A3A3;border-width:1pt;
vertical-align:top;width:4.5486in;padding:2.0pt 3.0pt 2.0pt 3.0pt'>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>Price control</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle'><span
style='font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt;background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>Three lists </span><span style='text-decoration:
underline;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt;background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>does not have an explicit entry</span><span
style='font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt;background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'> on disaster management.</span></li>
</ul>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.375in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:
12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt'>Water generally is a
State subject. However Constitution provided a special provision in Entry
56 of Union List as below</span></li>
</ul>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.75in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:
12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.75in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:
12.0pt' lang=en-US><span style='font-weight:bold'>56. Regulation and
development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to the extent to which
such regulation and development under the control of the Union </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>is declared by
Parliament by law</span><span style='font-weight:bold'> to be expedient in the
public interest.</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.375in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:
12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;margin-left:.375in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:
12.0pt' lang=en-US>which means that Parliament by law can declare and take
control of inter-state rivers and river valleys. But so far, Only <span
style='font-weight:bold'>River Boards Act 1956</span> has been enacted but
even that act has not been used to constitute any river board so far.</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt;background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>Preventive detention is in Concurrent List. However
Parliament has exclusive authority of preventive detention laws on
subjects like defence, foreign affairs and security of India</span></li>
</ul>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="Doctrineof"occupiedfield"">Doctrine of "occupied field"</h2>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>(how
laws on concurrent list subjects resolved now)</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold'>Article 254(1)</span> of the Constitution - if there
exists a Central law on a concurrent subject, then a State law cannot override
it. </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US>However,
<span style='font-weight:bold'>Article 254(2)</span> provides that if a State
law receives presidential assent after <span style='background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'>due consideration</span>, then it can <span
style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>apply in contravention to the
Central law in that particular State</span></p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11.0pt' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline'>Spirit behind Article
254(2): </span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>It was intended t
o bring
in changes to Central laws if there was a<span style='background:yellow;
mso-highlight:yellow'> genuine hurdle</span> in implementing them in a
particular State due to c<span style='background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow'>hallenges
peculiar to that region</span>.</p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<h2 style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:14.0pt;color:#2E75B5'
lang=en-US id="Mutualdelegation">Mutual delegation</h2>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>In
legislative aspects, mutual delegation not provided</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>. Finite separation</span></li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Center cannot delegate its
responsibility of legislating to a state while only one state cannot
request Parliament to legislate (two or more states together can delate
its responsibility of legislating in a state subject)</span></li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>In </span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Executive
aspects, mutual delegation provided conditionally/unconditionally</span></li>
<ul type=circle style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Agreement </span></li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>President</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'> may with the consent of
State Govt may </span><span style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;
font-size:12.0pt'>delegate Central executive action to a particular
state</span><span style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>if necessary</span></li
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Governor may with the
consent of Central Govt may delegate State executive action if
necessary.</span></li>
</ul>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Irrespective
(unconditional)</span></li>
<ul type=disc style='margin-left:.375in;direction:ltr;unicode-bidi:embed;
margin-top:0in;margin-bottom:0in'>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>Parliament</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'> with/</span><span
style='font-weight:bold;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>without</span><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'> consent of State Govt may
delegate Central executive action to a particular state</span></li>
<li style='margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;vertical-align:middle' lang=en-US><span
style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'>State legislatures cannot
delegate vice versa.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
</ul>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
<p style='margin:0in;font-family:"Nirmala UI";font-size:12.0pt' lang=en-US> </p>
</ul>