Inner Line Permit System

Currently present in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur (4 states)

In Manipur, people are agitating for re-introduction of ILP . Dec 2019, President okayed on the sidelines of Citizenship Amendment Bill

Other state Indians has to take ILP permit to enter into it

Issued under the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation, 1873

Foreigners have to take Protected Area Permit to enter into it

Issued under Foreigners (Protected Areas) Order, 1958

Conditions and restrictions vary from state to state

Why

To protect native indigenous population

The respective state issues ILP
The ILP card indicates travel dates and also specifies the specific areas in the state that an ILP holder can travel

NOTE: Meghalaya does not have ILP system. But similar permit system for non-residents have been brought in 2019

Special provisions for Some States

Original Constitution - no special provisions to states including J&K
7th CAA 1956
As of now, Applicable to 11 states (MH, GJ, GOA, KA, AP, Sikkim, 5 NE states Except Tripura, Meghalaya )
Objective

To meet aspirations of backward regions of states
To protect cultural and economic interests of tribal people of states
To deal with law and order situation in some parts of states
To protect local people interests of states

371	Gujarat and Maharashtra	President authorised Governor for establishment of separate development boards for Vidarbha, Marathwada, Rest of Maharashtra in MH Saurashtra, Kutch and rest of Gujarat in GJ Governor places report of working of boards every year in state assembly. Governor for equitable allocation of funds for developmental expenditure to these boards and equitable arrangement of technical and vocational education, employment opportunities
371 I	Goa	Goa legislative assembly is to consist of minimum 30 members
371J	Karnataka	President authorised Governor for Separate development board for Hyderabad-Karnataka region( 6 backward districts) Report every year before Karnataka assembly Equitable allocation of funds for developmental expenditure Reservation of seats in educational and vocational training institutes, Govt posts in region to local people
371D 371E	Andhra Pradesh	371D President empowered Equitable opportunities and facilities for people belonging to different parts w.r.t public employment and education Direct state Govt to create local cadre civil posts in state Govt and local area status for educational institutions President may specify the extent and manner of preference, reservation Establishment of Administrative Tribunal for resolution of disputes, grievances related to civil posts in state Generally, appeals of administrative tribunals would go to HC But exception to that, 371D provides, no court has jurisdiction over tribunal except SC President may abolish tribunal when he is satisfied that its existence is not necessary 371E empowers Parliament to pro vide for establishment of Central University in the state
371F	Sikkim	Sikkim assembly to consist of minimum 30 members One Loksabha seat is allotted to Sikkim For protecting rights and interests of diff sections of society, Parliament empowered to provide reservation of no.of seats and also reserved constituencies Governor have special and discretionary powers under directions of President for peace and equitable arrangement for social and economic development of different sections President can extend with modification/restriction any central law to state The members of the legislative Assembly of Sikkim shall elect the representative of Sikkim in the House of the People
371H	Arunachal Pradesh	Assembly not less than 30 members Governor has special and discretionary responsibility of law and order in state Governor may consult council of ministers but Governor can take individual decision which is final President shall direct to cease special responsibility of Governor when required
371B	Assam	President empowered for creation of Assembly Committee for Tribal Areas consisting of members elected from Tribal areas and other members as President may specify. Tribal areas are mentioned in 6th schedule
371A	Nagaland	Following matters of Central act will not be applicable to Nagaland unless its assembly decides religious or social practices of the Nagas, Naga customary law and procedure, administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Naga customary law ownership and transfer of land and its resources Governor have special responsibility with respect to law and order as long as internal disturbances continue therein or in any part thereof. Governor after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment which is final Governor ensure that money allotted to Grants by Central Govt is used for only that purpose Regional Council for Tuensang district 35 members Governor make rules for composition, manner of choosing its members, qualifications, terms, salaries, allowances etc. Deputy Commissioner of Tuensang district will be chairman and Vice chairman is elected by council members Tuensang district Administration carried by Governor and final decision on all matters to his discretion Equitable distribution of money to Tuensang district and rest of Nagaland Nagaland legislative act does not apply to Tuensang unless Governor provides on recommendation of regional council Governor can make regulation w.r.t. peace, progress, governance that might amend/repeal parliamentary/other acts There shall be Minister for Tuensang Affairs in state council of Ministers and he must be representing that district Members of assembly from that district is elected indirectly by regional council
371C	Manipur	President empowered for creation of Assembly Committee of Hilly areas consisting of members elected from Hilly areas of state. Hilly areas are which are notified by President order President directs Governor to have special responsibility to secure proper functioning of committee, annual report to President Manipur has regional council for hilly areas though it is not part of Tribal areas designated by Constitution Central Govt directs State for administration of tribal areas
371G	Mizoram	Assembly to consists of minimum 40 members [Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Goa - 30 members] Following matters of Central act will not be applicable to Mizoram unless its assembly decides religious or social practices of the Mizos, Mizo customary law and procedure, administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Mizo customary law ownership and transfer of land and its resources,

Special provision North East State NAM SAM

Note: Assam and Mizoram - present in both Tribal areas and special provision states

Governor has special role w.r.t law and order in states of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland

Northeastern states overview

	Panchayat Act	Tribal Area	Special Provision State	Regional Councils		Legis-Parliament Law	Legis-State law	Executive	Inner Line Permit	AFSPA 1958
Arunachal Pradesh	Applicable	No	Yes	No				Governor (law and order)(final)(371H)	Yes	Partly
Assam	Applicable	Yes	Yes	Yes [As it is Tribal Area]	Assembly Committee for Tribal Areas (371B)	Governor	Governor (Tribal areas)		No	Whole
Meghalaya	Not Applicable	Yes	No	Yes [As it is Tribal Area]		President	Governor (Tribal areas)		No	Not now
Tripura	Applicable	Yes	No	Yes [As it is Tribal Area]		President	Governor (Tribal areas)		No	Not now
Nagaland	Not Applicable	No	Yes	Yes [As mentioned in Special Provision]	Regional Council for Tuensang district (35)(371H)	State assembly decides	Governor for Tuensang	Governor (law and order, Tuensang)(final)(371H)	Yes	Whole
Manipur	Applicable	No	Yes	Yes [As mentioned in Special Provision]	Assembly Committee for Hilly Areas (371C) Regional Council for Hilly Areas (371C)				Yes	Partly
Mizoram	Not Applicable	Yes	Yes	Yes [As it is Tribal Area]		President (Tribal area) State assembly (371G)	Governor (Tribal areas)		Yes	-
Sikkim	Applicable	No	Yes	No		President (371F)	-	Governor under President (371F)	No	-

NOTE: Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura have seen the highest immigrants from Bangladesh

Special Category Status SCS

Special categoryâ status is a classification given by Centre to assist in development of those states that face geographical & socio-economic disadvantages like hilly terrains, strategic international borders, economic & infrastructural backwardness and non-viable state finances.
This concept is suggested by Fifth finance commission and came into existence in 1969
Benefits

Significant concession in excise & customs duties, income tax and corporate tax
Special Central Assistance given to SCS is also an additional amount which can be used by the concerned state for economic development
Centre bears 90% of the state expenditure (given as grant) on all centrally-sponsored schemes and external aid while rest 10% is given as loan to state
Unspent money does not lapse and gets carry forward.

Criteria

hilly terrain;
low population density and/or sizeable share of tribal population;
strategic location along borders with neighbouring countries;
Economic and infrastructure backwardness; and
Non-viable nature of State finances.

Current SCS states (11)

8 NE states, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand.

14th Finance Commission recommendations

Concept of SCS is beyond its terms of reference
If devolution alone could not cover the revenue gap for certain states, the Commission said, the Centre could provide a revenue deficit grant to these states

Empowered Action Group (EAG) States

Government had constituted an Empowered Action Group (EAG) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare following 2001 census to stabilise population in eight states that were lagging in containing population

Eight socioeconomically backward states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, referred to as the Empowered Action Group (EAG) states

It is not a different administrative unit though.

Part 6 - States