Objectives Resolution

It is the resolution that defined the aims (objectives) of the constitution, moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in the Constituent Assembly in 13-12-1946 and unanimously adopted in 22-01-1947
Summary

India is an independent, sovereign, republic;
India shall be a Union of erstwhile British Indian territories, Indian States, and other parts outside British India and Indian States as are willing to be a part of the Union;
Territories forming the Union shall be autonomous units and exercise all powers and functions of the Government and administration, except those assigned to or vested in the Union;
All powers and authority of sovereign and independent India and its constitution shall flow from the people;
All people of India shall be guaranteed and secured social, economic and political justice; equality of status and opportunities and equality before law; and fundamental freedoms - of speech, expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action - subject to law and public morality;
The minorities, backward and tribal areas, depressed and other backward classes shall be provided adequate safeguards;
The territorial integrity of the Republic and its sovereign rights on land, sea and air shall be maintained according to justice and law of civilized nations;
The land would make full and willing contribution to the promotion of world peace and welfare of mankind.

Sources of Constitution

Government of India Act 1935	Federal Scheme [Quasi federal from Canada] Three Lists Office of Governor [Appointment from Canada] Judiciary Public Service Commission Emergency Provisions [356 from Germany] Administrative Details Instrument of Instructions [DPSP-Also from Ireland] Structural Part
British Constitution	Parliamentary form of government The idea of single citizenship The idea of the Rule of law Procedure established by Law Equality before law Institution of Speaker and his role Law making procedure Cabinet system Prerogative writs (privilege to certain class/institutions) President(nominal head) Bicameral parliament Office of Profit First Past the post
United States Constitution	Preamble Fundamental Rights Federal structure of government [Quasi federal from Canada] Electoral College Separation of powers among the three branches of the government Independence of the judiciary Judicial review Equal Protection under law President as supreme commander of armed forces Impeachment of President [Election from Irish] Removal of Supreme court and high court Judges Post of Vice President
Irish Constitution	Directive principles of state policy {Ireland itself borrowed it from Spain} Nomination of members to Rajyasabha [Nomination from Irish and Election from South Africa] Method of election of President [Impeachment from US] Appointment of state governors by centre (both Canada and Ireland) Advisory jurisdiction of Supreme court (both Canada and Ireland)
Australian Constitution	Freedom of trade and commerce within the country and between the states Power of the national legislature to make laws for implementing treaties, even on matters outside normal Federal jurisdiction Concurrent List Joint sitting of Parliament
French Constitution	Ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity Republic
Canadian Constitution	Quasi-federal form of government — federal system with a strong central government Distribution of powers between the central government and state governments Residual powers retained by the central government Appointment of state governors by centre (both Canada and Ireland) Advisory jurisdiction of Supreme court (both Canada and Ireland)
Soviet Union	Fundamental Duties Idea of social, economic, political justice in preamble Planning of National Economy
Germany(Weimar Constitution)	Emergency Provision Under article 356 Suspension of Fundamental rights
South Africa	Amendment of Constitution Election of Rajyasabha members [Nomination from Irish and Election from South Africa]
Japan	Due Procedure of Law [Not in India according to Indian Constitution]

References

British Parliamentary, US presidential
US written, British Unwritten
British - parliamentary Sovereignty , US - Judicial Supremacy, India - mix
US - Dual citizenship

Direct democracy - Switzerland

Note:

Conversion of federal into Unitary one during emergency is a unique feature of Indian constitution

It is not inspired from any constitution. Don’t confuse with Weimer constitution

Comparison of Constitution

India	US
Written constitution and Preamble	Written constitution and Preamble
Indestructible union of destructible states	Indestructible union of indestructible states
Single citizenship	Dual citizenship
Parliamentary System	Presidential system
Three lists Legislative power for residuary subjects left to Union	Only single list - Federal list Legislative power for residuary subjects left to states
Constituent power vested with parliament and in few cases with State legislature	Separate institution constituent convention
CAG is not part of legislature	CAG is part of legislature

India	Canada
Three lists	Two lists - Federal and Provincial
Mix of rigid and flexible constitution	Rigid constitution
Federalism with strong centre	Federalism with strong centre
Parliamentary Govt	Parliamentary Govt

India	British (UK)
Written constitution	Unwritten
Elected head	Monarchial head
Constitution is supreme	Parliament is supreme
PM shall be member of parliament	PM shall be member of lower house of parliament
Concept present but not institutionalised	Shadow cabinet institution present
Federal	Unitary
Not required	Ministers required to counter sign the official acts of the crown and are held liable in the courts for those acts
CAG is not part of Parliament	CAG is officer of Parliament

Russian Parliament name Duma
Japanese parliament or Diet

Constitution Evolution