Development of Education

Limited Govt resources to be devoted to teaching of western science and literature in the English medium
It clears the air b/w Anglicists who are for western science and Orientalists who are for western sciences and traditional Indian literature. Also confusion with which medium of instructions to be taught

Charles Wood prepared a despatch for educational system in India which considered as Magna Carta of English Education in India
Vernaculars at school level in villages, English at higher level, Colleges at district level, universities at presidency level

Greater control over universities which are described as factories that produce political revolutionaries
Raleigh Commission 1902

National Council of Education 1906 to organise a system of education-literary, scientific, technical
Government resolution on Education Policy 1913

Adopted as policy to remove illiteracy and urged provincial governments to take early steps to provide free elementary education to the poorer and more backward sections

A National conference on Education is organised at Wardha by Congress in 1937
Resolution on Zakir Hussain Committee on detailed national scheme of Education is passed
The report is based on Gandhi's Harijan campaign
Scheme provisions

Objective was to create within 40 years, the same level of educational attainment as prevailed in England

Bring University education in Concurrent list
A University Grants Commission needs to be setup to look after University education in India
University degree should not be considered essential for administrative services
12 years of pre-university education essential
3 objectives of university education - central, liberal, occupational
Rural universities should be established on the models of Shantiniketan and Jamia Millia
Colleges should not be overcrowded. Max 1000 students per college

University Grants Commission was setup in 1953 and was given statutory status for independent functioning

1976, Education placed in Concurrent list
2009 Free and Compulsory education of the age 6-14. Right to Education, a fundamental right
National Education Policy 2020

Summary

Mass education neglected
Traditional system of learning education declined
Total neglect of women's education and education limited to elite and upper middle class
Neglect of scientific and technical educations
Vested interests British of educational development

Cheap supply of educational Indians for subordinate posts and expand market for British manufactured Goods in India
Expected that modern education will reconcile Indians for British rule as they imparted glories of British rule in education
Propagated English as medium of instruction

British planned to educate a small section of upper and middle classes which leads to creating a class which is "Indian in blood, color but English in tastes, behavior, opinions, morals, intellect
The class acts as interpreters b/w Govt and mass
Masses would get the knowledge from these classes which is called Downward filtration theory

*16 May 2021