1920s - various Dalit movements and organizations

Dravidian Movement

Root of the Dravidian movement lies in Brahmin and Non-Brahmin conflict
10% Brahmin population holds 40% of Govt jobs, cultural superiority and Higher education
Dravidian identity against the domination of Sanskrit/English speaking Brahmin elites
This movement was carried out initially by Justice Party and later by Self-respect movement and in turn by Dravidar Kazhagam

Led mainly by richer landowning, urban middle class non-brahmins like Vellars, Nadars, Reddy� & Nairs
Opposed INC as a Brahman led organization & claimed separate representation for non-brahmans similar to Muslims in Morley Minto reforms
Organization had eminent non-Brahman leaders as TM Nair, Theagaroya Chetty, CN Mudaliar, Panagal� Raja and A Ramaswamy Mudaliar
B/w 1919-24, Justice Party formed Govt in Madras province
Justice Party opposed the Non-cooperation movement as it leads to anarchy
Justice party welcomed the Simon Commission
Justice party in turn ends up in serving only the landlords and elites
Over the time, it became corrupted and not serving the cause of backward castes

Led by EV Ramaswamy Naicker/Periyar - Periyar is title, Also Socrates of South Asia
He was in congress till 1925 and thereon believed that Congress� was dominated by Brahmins and would do nothing for lower castes.
He also felt that Justice party is only serving the cause of non-Brahmanical elites
Hence, he started Self-respect movement
His slogan "Before self-rule, what was required was ‘self-respect’< style='font-family:Calibri;font-size:12.0pt'> "
Kudi Arasu - Journal
Movement includes

led by K.P. Kesava and EV Ramaswamy Naic ker, K Kelappan(Kerala Gandhi) also involved
It demanded the throwing open of Hindu temples and roads to the untouchables.

For the rights of depressed classes especially Ezhavas or Iravas of Kerala
SNDP was setup
NOTE: Aravippuram/Sri Narayana Guru in Kerala while Self-respect/Tamil Pride - EV Ramaswamy in TN

Kaivartas movement -1897 -Kaivartas (Mahishyas)-Backward castes - Midnapore (Bengal)

19th century social reform movements led by upper caste intellectuals which aimed to reform the hindu religion and caste system while the 20th century movements saw the emergence of leadership from within the lower caste itself.
Total abolition of caste system itself rather than its reform