Potential, Targets and Installed capacity

India has estimated renewable energy potential of about 900GW from commercially exploitable sources

Renewable Type	Potential	Target by 2022	Installed capacity (as on Jan 21)
Solar power	750 GW	100GW (40 GW solar roof top, 60GW from large plants)	37.5 GW
Wind	100GW	60GW	38.6 GW
Bio-power	25GW	10GW
Small Hydro	20GW	5GW	4.7 GW
Total	900GW	175GW by 2022	92.5 GW

Tidal Energy	12GW
Wave energy	40GW
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion	180GW

The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)

Core drives Energy security, Electricity shortages, Energy Access, Climate change
Govt incentives -Generation-based incentives (GBI s), capital and interest subsidies, viability gap funding, concessional finance, fiscal incentives etc.
National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP) - Family Size Biogas Plants mainly for rural and semi-urban households
National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE) which is an autonomous institution of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)
National Green Corridor Programme - Development of power transmission network through Green Energy Corridor project
Provision of roof top solar and 10 percent renewable energy as mandatory under Mission Statement and Guidelines for development of smart cities
Infrastructure status for solar projects and raising tax free solar bonds
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) up to 100% under automatic route of Renewable energy

Mini Ratna (Category â I Government of India Enterprise under Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).

Public limited company established as a Non-Banking Financial Institution
Promoting, developing and extending financial assistance for setting up projects relating to new and renewable sources of energy and energy efficiency/conservation

Fuel cells are highly efficient power-generating systems that produce electricity by combining fuel (hydrogen) and oxygen in an electrochemical reaction.
Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly and very efficiently into electricity (DC) and heat, thus doing away with combustion.
Electro chemical reaction instead of combustion
Hydrogen and phosphoric acid are the most common type of fuel cells, although fuel cells that run on methanol, ethanol, and natural gas are also available.
The most suitable fuel for such cells is hydrogen or a mixture of compounds containing hydrogen.

Generally fuels are heated/combusted to produce heat that generates electricity but in fuel cell, fuels are not heated, fuels are subjected to electro chemical reactions which generate electricity, water, heat
A fuel cell consists of an electrolyte sandwiched between two electrodes. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, and they react electrochemically to generate electricity, water, and heat.

Fuel cell powered automobiles have very high energy conversion efficiency and near zero pollution emitting only Co2 and Water vapour
High initial cost is still the biggest hurdle in the widespread commercialization of fuel cells.

Germany has rolled out world’s first hydrogen fuel cell powered trains called Coradia iLin

Combustion is the process of burning something (usually fuels) in the presence of oxidant
It is a chemical reaction b/w fuel and oxidant resulting in oxidized materials and light and heat